The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology and the cause of death in A. R. F. restrospectively. 344 patients being hospitalized in the first teaching hospital of Chongqing Medical College between 1963 and 1983 were selected. Three categories sre classified in this group. There are 7 cases in the pre-renal failure (2%) in which five died

the fatality rate was 71.43%. 331 cases in the renal failure (18.1) (96.2%)

in which 60 died

the fatality rate was 71.4%

5 cases in the post-renal failure(18.1%) and one case is unknown

no death in the last two.The result showed that Epidemic haemorrhagic fever inducing A. R. F. is put in the first place. Fish gall bladder poisoning is put in the second place. Septicemia is put in the third place

but it is the main death cause in this study.This paper mainly discusses the pathogenesis as well as recent viewpoints and summarizes the experience of the treatment of Septicemia. It also emphasizes the early dialysis and prophylactic dialysis which can improve the prognosis and decrease the mortality rate.