This paper reports the results of 26 antimicrobial agents against 353 strains of clinical isolates

including S

aureus

E. coli

E. aerogenes

Klebsiella

Proteus

Salmonella

Shigella and Ps. aeruginosa

etc

by tube double dilution method in Chongqing during 1980 - 1983

and compates with the results of 1960s and 1970s. Clinical observations on the treatment of infections caused by these organisms are also reported.The results indicated that 6 cephalosporins

vancomycin

oxacillin

cloxacillin and ampicillin had marked activity against S. aureus

the susceptibility rates were high

varying from 96-100%; Penicillin.G retained its antistaphylococcal activity

the susceptibility rate was 90

2%. There was a decreasing trend of sensitivity to erythromycin and gentatnicin. Therefore penicillinasc-resistant semisynthetic penicillin is the drug of first choice in infections due to S. sureus. During recent years the resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae against commonly used antibiotics were increased. The thrid generation cephalosporins and amikacin are the drugs of choice in severe infections caused by these Gram-negative rods. Chloramphmicol and SMZ/TMP were still active against S. typhi

and the sensitivity to chloramphenicol has not changed during the last 24 years

thus they are the drugs of choice in typhoid fever. SMZ/TMP were active against all shigellae strains

and the susceptibility rates of geatamtcio

kanamycin

amikacin and cephalosporins varied from 98-100%. SMZ/TMP are preferred in acute bacillary dysentery

while amikaoin and ampicillin are the drugs of choice in chronic bacillary dysentery. Resistance rates of Ps. aeruginosa against most antibiotics are quite high

and this paper demonstrated that the activity of amikacin was the highest. The results in the treatment of infections caused by these commonly encountered pathogens generally correlated fairly well with the in vitro sensitivty test.