Objective: To assessment of preoperative psychological distress in patients undergoing renal transplantation.Methods: A total of 73 renal transplantation patients were prospectively surveyed preoperatively using the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory

a validated instrument that measures the psychological domains of general distress

anxiety and depression.Preoperative and 1 week postoperative distress scores were evaluated with respect to age

sex

marital status

economic status

serums creatinine.Results: The preoperative prevalence of psychological distress in patients of renal transplantation was 56.1%(41/73) and it remained somewhat increased at 35.6%(26/73) approximately 1 weeks after operation.In the entire group there was a statistically significant decrease in anxiety(3.5±3.1 vs 5.7±4.6

P<0.01).depression(3.0±2.7 vs 4.6±3.8

P<0.05) from the preoperative to the postoperative assessments.After operation

there was a statistically significant decrease in anxiety from men to women(3.1±2.8 vs 4.6±3.1

P<0.05) and from serums creatinine ≤400umol/L to serums creatinine >400 umol/L.There was a statistically significant increase in anxiety from receiving one’s own health services to public health services(4.4±4.1 vs 3.8±3.7

P<0.05).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a large proportion of patients undergoing renal transplantation experience psychological distress of anxiety and depression during the perioperative period.The identification of psychological distress in this population has the potential to influence health related quality of life as well as in all individuals with renal transplantation.