Objective：To evaluate influences of different blood purification treatments on expressions of ATP-binding cassette receptor A1（ABCA1） in patients with maintenance dialysis. Methods：Between August 2010 and March 2012，30 uremia patients treated by hemodialysis（HD），30 uremia patients treated by hemodiafiltration（HDF） and 20 healthy volunteers（control group） were investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated to transfer to macrophages. Macrophages were identified by Oil red O dyeing. Macrophages were collected to detect ABCA1 and nuclear factor-κB p65（NF-κB p65）expression by using real-time PCR and Western blot. Results：Expression of ABCA1 was significantly decreased in HD and HDF groups compared with that in control group（P<0.01）. Expression of ABCA1 was increased in HDF group compared with that in HD group（P<0.05）. Furthermore，expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein in HD and HDF groups was higher than that in control group（P<0.01，P<0.05）. Expression of NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein in HDF group was significantly lower than that in HD group（P<0.01）. Conclusions：HDF may increase cholesterol efflux in human monocyte-macrophage derived foam cells，the mechanism of which may associate with inactivation of NF-κBp65 pathway and increase of the expression of ABCA1 mRNA and protein.