Objective To investigate the clinical effect of different surgical treatment on uterine incision diverticulum after cesarean section.Methods A total of 141 cases with uterine incision diverticulum in first hospital affiliated to army medical university from Febuary 2012 to May 2015 were divided into control group(n=70) and observation group(n=71) according to different surgical methods.The control group received transvaginal repair for uterine incision diverticulum

the observation group underwent laparoscopic resection of uterine scar diverticulum after repair.The intraoperative condition

postoperative curative effect and repregnancy outcome in 2 years were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss of the observation group were less than that of the control group

but the operation time was longer and the cost of hospitalization was higher in observation group than those in control group

the differences were significant(P<0.05).All patients were followed up for 3 months

the effective rate of the control group was 85.71%

and the effective rate of the observation group was 98.59%

the difference was not significant(P>0.05).During the followup period of 2 years

there were 24 cases of intrauterine pregnancy in the observation group and 42 cases of intrauterine pregnancy in the control group.The intrauterine pregnancy rate of the observation group was lower

the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of transvaginal uterine incision diverticulum repair and laparoscopic resection of scar diverticulum after uterine repair in the treatment of uterine incision diverticulum after cesarean section are quite good

each has its advantages.Laparoscopic surgery has small trauma for patients

and transvaginal surgery is better for patients with pregnancy.