Objective To explore the current status and risk factors of social adaptability in children with primary nephrotic syndrome（ PNS）. Methods A total of 126 children with PNS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM from July 2020 to December 2022 were selected using convenience sampling method. Then the children were requested to complete general information questionnaire，social adaptation assessment scale for school reintegration，Chinese version of the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the correlation of the social adaptation scores for school reintegration with post-traumatic growth and psychological resilience，and the multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting social adaptability in PNS. Results The PNS children scored（56.71 ± 9.32）on social adaptation scores for school reintegration，（38.65 ± 7.48）on post-traumatic growth and（47.92 ± 8.74）on psychological resilience. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the social adaptation scores for school reintegration was positively correlated with both the posttraumatic growth score and the psychological resilience score（P < 0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis denoted that posttraumatic growth，psychological resilience，age，course of disease，and parental literacy were all risk factors for the social adaptation for school reintegration in children with PNS（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Children with PNS showed low levels of social adaptability，which was related to a variety of factors such as post-traumatic growth，psychological resilience，age，course of disease，and parental literacy.