External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a commonly performed neurosurgical procedure that drains the contents of ventricles by puncture and placement of a drainage catheter. EVD-related infection (ERI) is a severe complication of EVD，resulting in substantially increased in-hospital mortality，prolonged hospital length of stay，and higher healthcare costs. The recent trend concerning ERI mainly focuses on improving the overall safety of surgery and developing group preventive measures. However，the study regarding information-based infection prediction and precise prevention and control is relatively insufficient. Our paper briefly discussed the research history of EVD，summarized viewpoints，strategies，equipment，and methods of ERI prevention and control，and discussed the progress of the infection prediction model and precision prevention and control technology，as well as the research prospect. This review could provide a research route and valuable reference for the related fields of precise prevention and control of EVD infection.