In contrast to significant advances in the management of patients with chronic heart failure over the past few years

there has been little change in how patients with acute heart failure are treated. “China Guidelines for emergencymanagement of Acute heart Failure（2022）” was proposed

for the first time in China

that emergency management of AHF should combine personalized full process management and emergency rescue targeting patient life support. On August 25

2023

the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) heart failure guidelines underwent comprehensive updates

covering various aspects from heart failure to the management of comorbidities. One of the core points of the 2023 ESC guidelines is also to emphasize the importance of the application of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and early follow-up visit following discharge from either hospital or emergency department. Based on the analysis of the above two guidelines，evidence-based management of AHF was discussed in this review，including both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies，including the recent evidence regarding initiation of newer therapies in the emergency department. Overall，we believe that the update and implementation of future guidelines can further help improve the emergency management level of AHF patients’s GDMT dose-titration，better improve their clinical outcomes，and enhance their quality of life.