Objective To analyze the clinical value of human papillomavirus，liquid-based thin-layer cytology and their com⁃ bined detection in cervical cancer screening.Methods The data of 4 723 patients who underwent HPV detection，liquid-based cytol⁃ ogy，and histopathological examination of colposcopy cervical biopsy in The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The distribution of subtypes in different age groups and grades of cervical lesions，on the other hand，the correlation of cytology results with high-risk HPV，single infection and multiple infection was analyzed.Results HPV negative accounted for 11.60%，hr-HPV accounted for 85.84%，lr-HPV accounted for 2.56%.There were significant differences in high-risk HPV and multiple infection among different age groups（χ2 = 25.144，P < 0.001；χ2 = 169.426，P < 0.001）.There were significant differences in cervical cytology results not only among high-risk HPV，low-risk HPV and negative groups（χ2 = 397.923，P < 0.001），but also between single infection and multiple infection groups（χ2 = 352.18，P < 0.001）.In the colposcopy bi⁃ opsy，3 521 cases were negative and 1 202 cases were positive.Among them，cervical cancer（Ca）accounted for 2.01%，CIN3 ac⁃ counted for 6.61%，CIN2 accounted for 4.04%，and CIN1 accounted for 12.79%.The detection rates of HPV16，18，52，58 and 59 were the highest in cervical cancer.For cervical cancer（Ca），the sensitivity of TCT detection was 53.68%，the specificity was 99.81%；the sensitivity of high-risk HPV detection was 87.37%，the specificity was 14.20% ；The sensitivity of combined detection was 93.68%，and the specificity was 14.13%.Conclusion Women over 40 years old were at high-risk of cervical cancer；HPV testing should use HPV 16，18，52，58 as HPV positive shunting and referral to colposcopy；Combined detection of TCT and high-risk HPV could improve the sensitivity of CIN1+ and cervical cancer screening.