Since the kidney of preterm infants is not fully developed at birth and susceptible to maternal factors，there is no clear “gold standard”for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury（AKI）in preterm infants，whether RIFLE（risk，iniury，failure，loss，end stage renal disease）in 2004，AKIN（Acute Kidney Injury Network）in 2007 or KDIGO（Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes）refer⁃ ence standard in 2012，all based on increased serum creatinine（Scr）or decreased urine output（UOP）.The traditional renal function index of AKI is not only an invasive operation but also has a time delay，so it is obviously unreasonable to only rely on serum creatinine and urine volume.In recent years，with the improvement of the cognition of premature infants about AKI and its long-term complicated chronic kidney disease（CKD），many methods of early prediction and long-term follow-up methods have been gradually applied in pre⁃ term infants.This paper mainly reviewed the renal development，early kidney injury markers of AKI and the follow-up of long-term complications，in order to provide reference for related professionals to carry out basic and clinical research.