Objective To explore the risk factors for re-hospitalization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within one year. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were collected. The pa⁃tients were followed up for 1 year from the time of discharge. Patients with acute exacerbation readmission within one year were selected as the experimental group，and those without acute exacerbation readmission were selected as the control group. Univariate analysis and logistics regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of readmission within one year in hospitalized patients with acute exac⁃erbation of COPD. Results A total of 285 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were admitted，of which 96 cases （33.68%）were rehospitalized within one year. Between the two groups，male，smoking status，low body mass index，BMI＜18.5 kg/m2， combined with bronchiectasis，pleural fluid，high serum neutrophil count，high serum procalcitonin and high serum fibrinogen at the first hospitalization，combined with respiratory failure and pulmonary heart disease，long-term home oxygen therapy，the cost and days of the first hospitalization were the risk factors of acute exacerbation readmission in COPD patients within one year，with significant dif⁃ferences respectively（P＜0.05）. Logistics regression analysis showed that BMI＜18.5 kg/m2，high count of blood neutrophils，com⁃bined with pulmonary heart disease，long first hospital stay were the risk factors for rehospitalization within one year after discharge in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，with significant differences respectively（P＜0.05）. Conclusion BMI＜18.5 kg/m2， high count of blood-neutral granulocytes，combined with pulmonary heart disease，long first hospital stay were risk factors for rehospital⁃ization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within one year. Targeted prevention and treatment measures could be taken to improve the prognosis of these patients.