Given the deficiencies of the old term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease，the international panel of experts in 2020 rec⁃ommended renaming it to metabolic（dysfunction） associated fatty liver disease and proposing a novel and comprehensive redefinition of its diagnosis. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease is a relatively positive diagnosis based on the presence of overweight/obesity，or diabetes mellitus type 2，or the existence of two or more metabolic risk factors，highlighting the important role of obesity，insulin resis⁃tance，dyslipidemia，diabetes mellitus type 2 and systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. An increasing number of clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that this new definition is simple and practical，and it contributes to identify pa⁃tients at high risk for future hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. This article reviews the dilemma and challenges of renaming metabolic-related fatty liver disease.