Objective To explore the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with incision decompression in the treatment of compartment syndrome in calf muscle. Methods A total of 68 patients diagnosed with calf compartment syndrome during hospitalization in the Department of Orthopedics，the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2018 to August 2020 were included.The patients were divided into control group and study group by random number table method. Patients in the control group (n = 34) underwent incision decompression alone，while patients in the study group (n = 34) were treated with acupuncture in addition to incision decompression.The overall clinical efficacy and satisfaction，pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Fugl-Meyer motor function score (FMA) score at different time periods before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of clinical efficacy in the study group (94.12%) was higher than that of the control group (76.47%)，and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.221，P = 0.04)； the satisfaction in the study group (94.12%) was higher than that of the control group （73.53%），and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.314，P = 0.021)； VAS score of 1 week and 1 month after treatment in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05)； The FMA score in the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment duration of one week and one month respectively(P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with incision decompression had great clinical efficacy in the treatment of calf compartment syndrome，which can effectually relieve postoperative pain and promote the recovery of postoperative limb dysfunction. It is worthy of further clinical promotion.