Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) features high morbidity and mortality. Improving its early diag⁃nostic rate can effectively reduce the burden of cancer and reduce the mortality rate. Over the past 20 years

with the development of the next-generation sequencing technology

omics has become a commonly used technical means in the field of medicine. Omics

including genomics

transcriptomics

and proteomics

is a discipline concerned with the study of gene expression and function

transcription products

translation products

metabolites

etc.

and new areas of omics are being explored

holding substantial promise for the search for early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets

efficacy evaluation

and prognosis prediction. Based on the latest studies

this article reviews the basic con⁃cepts and technical means of each branch of omics

and HCC-related biomarkers

and describes the research prog⁃ress of genome

transcriptome

proteome

metabolome

and microbiome in HCC and their clinical significance in ear⁃ly diagnosis of HCC.