Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and is also the“number one killer”that threatens people’s lives. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly favored because of their unique mechanism of action

which not only brings long-term survival benefits to patients with tumor

but also has the features of target⁃ing pan-tumors including lung cancer. Unfortunately

only a small proportion of patients can benefit from ICIs thera⁃py

with relatively unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although traditional indicators for predicting the efficacy of ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

such as programmed death ligand-1 and tumor mutational burden

are widely accepted

they tend have an unsatisfactory predictive value and there is still a lack of clinical markers for predicting irAEs. Therefore

it is urgent to explore novel markers with a better predictive value to guide the treatment of NSCLC with ICIs. This article elaborates on the predictive value of novel markers in the application of ICIs in NSCLC.