Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound and its derivatives include astragalin，kaempferol-3-O-rutin⁃oside，and rhamnocitrin. Many studies have shown that kaempferol and its derivatives have certain pharmacological activity in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years，their role in nervous system diseases have become a research hotspot，such as anti-inflammation，anti-oxidation，anti-depression，anti-convulsion，anti-dementia， and protective effect against cerebral ischemic injury. This article reviews the pharmacological effects of kaempferol and its derivatives in nervous system diseases，in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research on these com⁃pounds in nervous system diseases and the development of innovative drugs.