Objective To investigate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in preventing epimacular membrane. Methods We selected 147 cas⁃es（147 eyes）of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with vitrectomy in our hospital from January 2016 to De⁃cember 2018. Among the 147 cases，75 cases（75 eyes，group I）also received internal limiting membrane peeling， and 72 cases（72 eyes，group II）did not. After surgery，122 cases（group A）did not develop epimacular mem⁃brane，while 25 cases（group B）developed epimacular membrane. Silicone oil was used to fill the vitreous cavities of all the diseased eyes，and was removed three months after surgery. Cases were followed up for one year. Results Epimacular membrane occurred in 4（5.3%）of 75 cases undergoing vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peel⁃ing，and in 21（29.2%）of 72 cases with vitrectomy alone，with a significant difference between the two groups. Among 122 patients without epimacular membrane formation，71（58%）underwent internal limiting membrane peeling，while 4（16%）of 25 patients with epimacular membrane formation had internal limiting membrane peel⁃ing，with a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling can effectively prevent epimacular membrane formation when treating rhegmatogenous retinal de⁃tachment.