Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics

diagnosis and endoscopic treatment of urethral hemangioma. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 34 patients with urethral hemangioma admitted in our hospital between May

2014 and December

2018. The etiological diagnosis and endoscopic surgery data were analyzed in these cases

and the patients were followed up to assess the treatment efficacy and complications. Results The 34 patients had a mean age of 44.7±10.3 years(range 18-61 years) with a disease course ranging from 1 month to 20 years(median 24 months). The main symptom was hematospermia with postcoital hematuria and occasional blood clots in the urine. All the patients underwent urethrocystoscopy

which revealed posterior urethral hemangioma(PUH) or abnormal varicose vessels in 33 cases

and anterior urethral hemangioma in 1 case. The typical findings in urethrocystoscopy included hemorrhagic lesions of dark red hemangioma-like mass measuring(0.5-0.8 cm)×1.0 cm

located 0.5-1.0 cm distal to the verumontanum. Among these patients

18 underwent transurethral resection of the urethral hemangioma

and pathological examination reported cavernous hemangioma in 15 cases

vascular hemangioma in 1 case

and unclassified hemangioma in 2 cases; the other 16 patients underwent electrocautery and no pathological specimens were obtained. During the postoperative follow-up for 1-56 months(median 17 months)

the symptoms disappeared in 32 patients; relapse occurred at 2 and 3 months after the operation in 2 patients

and the symptoms were resolved after further transurethral electrocauterization. Except for one patient who developed acute epididymitis early after the operation

none of the patients experienced complications related to the operation. Conclusion Posterior urethral hemangioma is mainly characterized by repeated or persistent hematospermia with post-ejaculation hematuria. Urethrocystoscopy combined with seminal vesicle massage can confirm the bleeding of the seminal duct for a definite diagnosis. Transurethral resection or electrocauterization is safe

effective and minimally invasive for treatment of posterior urethral hemangioma.