OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of gastrodin combined with anisomine hydrobromate on neurological function in the elderly with cerebral small vessel disease（CSVD） and cognitive dysfunction. METHODS: A total of 104 elderly patients with CSVD and cognitive dysfunction admitted into the Eighth People’s Hospital of Hebei from Aug. 2019 to Dec. 2020 were prospectively extracted to be divided into the control group and the study group according to different administration methods

with 52 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine treatment

the control group was given oral Anisodine hydrobromide tablets on the basis of routine treatment

while the study group received intramuscular injection of gastrodin on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 1 month. Expression levels of neurofunctional indicators and inflammatory factors were detected before and after treatment in two groups

and the mini-mental state examination（MMSE） and montreal cognitive assessment（MoCA） were evaluated. The total effective rate and incidence of adverse drug reactions in two groups were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）

MMSE and MoCA scores in both groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment; expression levels of neuron-specific enolase（NSE）

central nervous system-specific protein（S100β）

interleukin-6（IL）-6 and homocysteine（Hcy） were significantly lower than those before treatment

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The expression of BDNF

MMSE and MoCA scores in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment; expression levels of NSE

S100β

IL-6 and Hcy were significantly lower than those in the control group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the study group was 94.23%（49/52）

significantly higher than 67.31%（35/52） of the control group

the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the study group and the control group were respectively 13.46%（7/52） and 9.62%（5/52）

with no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrodin combined with anisouline hydrobromate in the treatment of the elderly with CSVD and cognitive dysfunction can effectively improve the neurological function and cognitive function of patients

and the clinical effect is significant.