OBJECTIVE: To rapidly evaluate the efficacy

safety and economics of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor（PEG-rhG-CSF） in the prevention of febrile neutropenia（FN） induced by chemotherapy

so as to provide evidence-based evidence for health policy makers and clinical practice. METHODS: Chinese and English databases and health technology assessment（HTA） organization websites were searched. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria

literature were screened

data was extracted

literature quality was evaluated and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 5 Meta-analyses and 5 pharmacoeconomic assessments were included. In terms of clinical efficacy

compared with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor（rhG-CSF）

the use of PEG-rhG-CSF could reduce the incidence of FN and shorten the recovery time of FN

yet the statistical conclusion of the difference was unstable. In terms of the incidence of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia

patients with PEG-rhG-CSF had lower incidence of grade Ⅳ neutropenia and shorter duration of grade Ⅳ neutropenia compared with rhG-CSF

yet the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the recovery time of absolute neutrophil count between patients with PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF（P>0.05）. In terms of safety

compared with rhG-CSF

PEG-rhG-CSF patients had lower incidence of bone pain and skeletal muscle muscle pain

the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. The prevention of PEG-rhG-CSF had no economic advantages. CONCLUSIONS: PEG-rhG-CSF only needs to be administered once per chemotherapy cycle

and it has certain advantages in the efficacy and safety of prevention of FN induced by chemotherapy

which is not inferior to rhG-CSF; its current clinical treatment is not economical. It is necessary to carry out clinical research on different tumor diseases and different chemotherapy regimens to improve the relevant evidence.