OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and morphine on analgesia and sleep quality of patients with advanced cancer pain. METHODS: Totally 266 patients with advanced cancer pain admitted into the Qinhuangdao Fourth Hospital from 2019 to 2020 were extracted to be divided into the control group and the study group via the envelope method

with 133 cases in each group. The control group was treated with morphine

while the study group received oxycodone hydrochloride. Visual analogue scale（ VAS） was used to assess the pain degree before titration

24 h after titration

and 72 h after conversion of controlled/sustained release strong opioids.The serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine（ 5-HT）

dopamine（ DA） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（ BDNF）were compared between two groups before and after treatment. Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale（ UPDRS）

Parkinson’s disease sleep scale（ PDSS） and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（ PSQI） of two groups were observed before and after treatment. The levels of inflammatory factors were compared between two groups before and after treatment

and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was observed. RESULTS: The VAS scores of the study group at 72 h after conversion were significantly lower than those of the control group

the difference was statistically significant（ P <0. 05）. After treatment

the UPDRS and PSQI scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group

and the PDSS scores were significantly higher than those of the control group

with statistically significant differences（ P < 0. 05）. After treatment

the 5-HT and BDNF levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group

and the DA concentration was significantly lower than that of the control group

the differences were statistically significant（ P < 0. 05）. After treatment

the levels of interferon-γ and interleukin 2 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group

and the levels of interleukin 4 were significantly lower than those in the control group

with statistically significant differences（ P < 0. 05）. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the study group was 15. 79%（ 21/133）

significantly lower than 31. 58%（ 42/133） in the control group

the difference was statistically significant（ χ~2= 9. 172

P = 0. 002）. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of oxycodone hydrochloride is similar to that of morphine during rapid titration in patients with advanced cancer pain. Oral oxycodone hydrochloride is more effective than morphine and can significantly reduce the inflammatory reactions and adverse drug reactions

improve the sleep quality in patients.