OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of blood transfusion alone combined with recombinant human erythropoietin injection on the prognosis and safety of patients with anemia of hematological malignancy. METHODS:240 patients with anemia of hematological malignancy admitted into the Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang from Aug. 2010 to Aug. 2019 were selected as objects and divided into control group（ treated with blood transfusion alone

120 cases） and observation group（ treated with recombinant human erythropoietin injection on the basis of the control group

120 cases） according to the non-randomized clinical concurrent controlled study and the principle of patients’ voluntariness. The hemoglobin（ Hb）

reticulocyte percentage（ RET）

serum iron（ Fe）

clinical efficacy

prognosis[quality of life questionnaire-core 30（ QLQ-C30） score]and drug safety of the two groups were observed. RESULTS:Compared with before treatment

the Hb

RET and Fe levels of both groups had been significantly increased

and the observation group had significantly greater amplification then that of the control group

with statistically significant differences（ P

<

0. 05）. The total effective rate of observation group was 93. 33%（ 112/120）

which was significantly higher than that of the control group（ 83. 33%

100/120）

with statistically significant difference（ χ

2

= 5. 822

P

<

0. 05）. The average treatment expense of observation group was（ 1 003. 51 ± 125. 64） yuan

which was significantly lower than that of the control group [（ 1 306. 25 ± 131. 66） yuan]

with statistically significant difference（ P

<

0. 05）. At 1

3 and 5 months after treatment

the QLQ-C30 score of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group

with statistically significant difference（ P

<

0. 05）. The incidence of adverse drug reactions of observation group was 28. 33%（ 34/120）

which was significantly lower than that of the control group（ 41. 67%

50/120）

with statistically significant difference（ χ

2

= 4. 689

P

<

0. 05）. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with blood transfusion alone

the recombinant human erythropoietin injection has better clinical efficacy and prognosis in the treatment of patients with anemia of hematological malignancy

which may be related to the recombinant human erythropoietin injection has better effect in improving Hb

RET and Fe levels

and with higher safety..