OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. METHODS: Pub Med

the Cochrane Library

EMBase

CNKI

Wanfang database and VIP database were retrieved for the randomized controlled trials of palonosetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting [patients in the observation group were given palonosetron

and were divided into the observation group 1（ 0. 050 mg） and the observation group 2（ 0. 075 mg） according to the administration dose; patients in the control group were given ondansetron 8 mg（ ondansetron control group） or placebo（ placebo control group） ]. Meta-analysis of the included literature was performed by using R i386（ version 3. 3. 1） software. RESULTS: A total of 17 literature were collected. Meta-analysis showed that within 24 h after surgery

there was no significant difference in the complete remission rate between the observation group 2 and the ondansetron control group（ RR = 1. 35

95% CI = 0. 87-2. 09

P =0. 180 0）. Within 24 and 72 h after surgery

the complete remission rate of the observation group 2 was significantly better than that of the placebo control group（ RR = 1. 56

95% CI = 1. 16-1. 29

P < 0. 000 1; RR = 1. 52

95% CI = 1. 34-1. 72

P < 0. 000 1）. Within 24 h after surgery

the complete remission rate of the observation group 2 was significantly better than that of the observation group 1（ RR = 0. 85

95% CI = 0. 72-0. 99

P = 0. 043 2）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the observation group and the control group（ P > 0. 05）. CONCLUSIONS: Palonosetron can effectively prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting and has higher safety.