OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical efficacy and safety of febuxostat in preventing tumor lysis syndrome. METHODS: 151 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies admitted into Taizhou People ’s Hospital from Dec. 2015 to Dec. 2018 were retrospectively selected

which were divided into febuxostat group（ 55 cases

treated with febuxostat 40 mg/d）

allopurinol group A（ 51 cases

treated with allopurinol 300 mg/d） and allopurinol group B（ 45 cases

treated with allopurinol 200 mg/d）. The serum uric acid（ s UA）

creatinine level and safety of the three groups were observed. RESULTS: The difference in the percentages of s UA change among the three groups was statistically significant（ P = 0. 007）; there was no statistical significance in difference in the percentages of s UA change between febuxostat group and allopurinol group A（ P =0. 132）

while the percentage of s UA change of febuxostat group was significantly better than that of allopurinol group B

with statistically significant difference（ P = 0. 002）. After treatment

the creatinine levels of the three groups were significantly different from those of before treatment（ P<0. 001）; the comparison of ANOVA indicated that there was no statistical significance in difference in percentages of creatinine change among the three groups（ P = 0. 174）. During treatment

no gout or tumor lysis syndrome occurred in any of the three groups. In the febuxostat group

there were3 cases of grade Ⅰ hepatotoxicity and 1 case of grade Ⅱ hepatotoxicity; in the allopurinol group A

there were 1 case of grade Ⅰ hepatotoxicity and 1 case of grade Ⅱ hepatotoxicity; while there was no liver damage occurred in allopurinol group B. CONCLUSIONS: Febuxostat can effectively prevent tumor lysis syndrome in patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy

with good safety.