Objective: To investigate the etiology of chronic cough in children in the Chengdu area. Methods: The clinical data of 277 cases of hospitalized children with a chronic cough in Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital from June 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The causes of chronic cough in 277 cases were as follows: 142 cases (51. 3%) had upper airway cough syndrome (UACS)

101 cases (36. 5%) had post-infection cough (PIC)

76 cases (27. 4%) had cough variant asthma (CVA)

8 cases (2. 9%) had Tourette syndrome (TS)

5 cases (1. 8%) had protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB)

and 2 cases (0. 7%) had foreign body aspiration. 57 cases (20. 6%) cases of children had multiple causes

fifty-three cases of UACS+CVA

two cases of TS+UACS

one cases of CVA+TS

one cases of PBB+UACS. PIC was the first cause of infancy

while UACS ranked the first of other age groups. Etiology treatment leads to a good result. Conclusion: The first three causes of chronic cough in children were UACS

CVA and PIC. Multiple causes were common. The causes of chronic cough vary with ages. Etiology is the key to the cure.