Objective: To probe into the correlation between serum levels of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) and disease severity in children with pneumonia. Methods: A total of 256 children with pneumonia under 3 years old admitted into the respiratory ward of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Nov. 2016 to Mar. 2017 were extracted. Serum levels of VA and VD were measured on admission

and all patients were divided into the common pneumonia group (n=200) and the severe pneumonia group (n=56) according to the severity of the disease. The related clinical data were collected. Results: The serum levels of VA and VD in 256 children with pneumonia were respectively (0.84±0.37) μmol/L and (48.11±17.55) nmol/L

the detection rates of VA deficiency (VAD) and VD deficiency were respectively 46.5% and 58.2%. The serum levels of VA and VD in the severe pneumonia group were lower than those in the common pneumonia group

and the detection rate of VAD and VD deficiency increased (P<0.05). The difference in the detection rate of VD deficiency in children with pneumonia at different VA levels was statistically significant (P<0.05)

and the detection rate of VD deficiency was higher in children with VAD. The length of stay in children with pneumonia with VD deficiency was longer than that of the VD deficiency group and the VD normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The serum levels of VA and VD in children with pneumonia is related to the occurrence and severity of pneumonia