Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with vitamin A-based multiple nutrients in the prevention and treatment of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods: A total of 120 premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit from Mar. 2018 to May 2019 were selected to be divided into the control group

the budesonide group and the budesonide + nutrient group via the random number table. The control group received conventional treatment

the budesonide group was treated with budesonide aerosol inhalation on the basis of the conventional treatment

and the budesonide + nutrient group was given budesonide combined with vitamin A-based multiple nutrients on the basis of conventional treatment. The duration of oxygen inhalation

length of stay

BPD and other common complications were recorded. Relevant parameters of the ventilator such as peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)

positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and inhaled oxygen concentration (FiO2)

blood gas index such as partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

oxygenation index (OI)

and changes in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) before and after treatment were observed. Results: The duration of oxygen inhalation and length of stay in the budesonide group and the budesonide + nutrient group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05)

and the above indexes in the budesonide + nutrient group were shorter than those in the budesonide group (P<0.05). After treatment

the values of PIP

PEEP

FiO2

IL-6 and TNF-α of three groups were lower than those before treatment

the values of OI and PaCO2 of three groups were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). The values of PIP

PEEP

FiO2

IL-6 and TNF-α in the budesonide group and the budesonide + nutrient group were lower than those in the control group

and the improvement of OI and PaCO2 were higher than those in the control group

and the improvement in the budesonide + nutrient group was better than that in the budesonide group (P<0.05). During the treatment

the incidences of BPD in the control group

budesonide group and budesonide + nutrient group were respectively 35.00% (14/40)

17.50% and 10.00%

and the incidence of BPD in the budesonide + nutrient group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05)

yet there was no statistical significance in the incidence of other common complications among three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Budesonide combined with vitamin A-based multiple nutrients can effectively improve the lung ventilation and reduce the incidence of BPD in premature infants with higher safety.