Objective: To probe into the risk factors and pathogen characteristics for invasive fungal infection (IFI) in neonates. Methods: Retrospective case-control study method was used

a total of 56 neonates diagnosed with IFI in the neonatal intensive care unit of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2013 to 2017 were included in the case group. According to gestational age and discharge time

168 children with non-IFI were included in the control group. Clinical data were collected

the risk factors and pathogen characteristic of IFI were analyzed. Results: The risk factors for neonatal IFI were as follows: low globulin

intravenous immunoglobulin

low albumin

low red blood cells

low platelets

infusing plasma

combined with sepsis

application of various kinds of antibiotics

long duration of intravenous nutrition

peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC)

total time of indwelling PICC

bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Further binary Logistic regression analysis showed that intravenous immunoglobulin (OR: 4.189

95%CI: from 1.527 to 11.489

P=0.044)

combined with sepsis (OR: 3.719

95%CI: from 1.035 to 13.367

P=0.005)

application of various kinds of antibiotics (OR: 2.779

95%CI: from 1.537 to 5.025

P=0.001) and long duration of intravenous nutrition (OR: 1.039

95%CI: from 1.003 to 1.075

P=0.034) were independent risk factors for neonatal IFI. The pathogens were mainly Candida albicans (51.61%) and Candida parapsilosis (22.58%). Conclusion: When IFI is suspected clinically and etiological examination is difficult for neonates

if there are high-risk factors such as intravenous immunoglobulin

combined with sepsis

application of various kinds of antibiotics

long duration of intravenous nutrition

empirical antifungal therapy should be given as soon as possible according to the distribution characteristics of pathogens.