Objective: To probe into the incidences of group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in preterm infants with premature rupture of membranes and its correlation with prognosis of preterm infants. Methods: A total of 120 premature infants delivered in Shuyang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from Mar. 2018 to Feb. 2019 were extracted to be divided into the premature rupture of membranes group and no premature rupture of membranes group

with 60 cases in each group. PCR was used to detect group B streptococcus antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs. Venous blood was collected for blood culture and drug sensitivity test. The results of PCR and blood culture

main symptoms

treatment and complications were recorded. Results: The positive rate of GBS in blood culture was respectively 10.00% and 1.67% in the premature rupture of membranes group and no premature rupture of membranes group

and the positive rate of GBS by PCR was respectively 21.67% and 5.00%

with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The incidence of fetal growth restriction

fetal distress

neonatal asphyxia and purulent meningitis detected by PCR in the GBS positive group was higher than that in the GBS negative group

but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of neonatal pneumonia and sepsis in the GBS positive group was higher than that in the GBS negative group

and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rates of PCR and blood culture were respectively 13.33% and 5.83% (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of fetal growth restriction

fetal distress

neonatal asphyxia

pneumonia

sepsis and purulent meningitis in the premature rupture of membranes group was higher than that of the no premature rupture of membranes group. Compared with the detection of GBS by blood culture

the detection of GBS antigen from nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR can increase the positive rate.