Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of main pathogens in the sputum samples of 1

538 cases of neonatal pneumonia

and to investigate the distribution of pathogens and the characteristics of drug-resistant pathogens in Luzhou. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on pathogens culture and drug sensitivity results of neonatal sputum samples from Jul. 2013 to Dec. 2016 in our hospital. Results: (1) Of the 1

538 cases

sputum culture specimens were positive in 1

216 cases

with a positive rate of 79.06%. The sputum specimens from 1

216 cases were cultured with 489 normal strains

705 abnormal strains and 22 fungal strains. (2) The main G- bacteria pathogens were 144 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.43%)

followed by 118 strains of Escherichia coli (16.74%)

40 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.67%)

and 34 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (4.82%

34/705). Top ranking G+ bacteria were 124 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (17.59%) and 9 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.28%). The fungus was 22 strains of Candida albicans. (3) Klebsiella pneumoniae had higher resistance to synthetic penicillin (ampicillin 89.58%

piperacillin 69.44%)

followed by cephalosporin antibiotics (cefazolin 56.25%

cefuroxime 50%

cefepime 47.91%)

which was highly sensitive to carbapenems. P. aeruginosa was resistant to imipenem (80.00%)

piperacillin (77.50%)

cefepime (72.50%)

and highly sensitive to ertapenem. S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in G+ bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid

and the resistance rates to synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins were from 16% to 29%. (4) There were 223 pathogens (31.63%) detected in 583 premature infants with gestational age leveled (32.00±2.17) weeks

K. pneumoniae (6.10%

43/705)

extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) strains (6.10%

43/705) and E. coli (5.81%

41/705) were the main strains. There were 359 positive pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) children

the top three were K. pneumoniae (9.64%)

ESBL strains (9.50%) and S. aureus (7.09%). Conclusion: The main pathogens of neonatal pneumonia in this region are G- bacteria

especially K. pneumoniae and E. coli

and the resistance of various bacteria to antibiotics is different.