Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon α-2b in the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis by different routes of administration. Methods: A total of 150 children with bronchiolitis admitted to our hospital from Jan. 2017 to Mar. 2018 were retrospectively extracted to be divided into the control group

atomization group and intramuscular injection group via the random number table

with 50 cases in each group. Three groups were given conventional treatment. Recombinant human interferon α-2b (100

000 U/kg) by ultrasonic atomizing inhalation was added to atomization group. Recombinant human interferon α-2b (100

000 U/kg) by intramuscular injection was added to intramuscular injection group. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4)

interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the atomization group and intramuscular injection group were collected and analyzed before and after treatment. Clinical efficacy

disappearance time of clinical symptoms and adverse drug reactions of the atomization group and intramuscular injection group were observed. Results: After treatment

the total effective rate of the atomization group and the intramuscular injection group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05)

the total effective rate of the atomization group and the intramuscular injection group was not statistically different (P>0.05). The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ of three groups decreased after treatment

and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-4 and IFN-γ in three groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment

the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the atomization group and the intramuscular injection group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05)

the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the atomization group were lower than those in the intramuscular injection group (P<0.05). The total course of disease

the disappearance time of cough and lung rales

the length of stay

and the disappearance time of wheezing in the atomization group were all shorter than those in the intramuscular injection group

and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the atomization group

there were 1 case of loss of appetite

1 case of liver dysfunction

and 1 case of thrombocytopenia. While the intramuscular injection group had 2 cases of fever

3 cases of loss of appetite

1 case of liver dysfunction

3 cases of thrombocytopenia

and 3 cases of local erythema at the injection site. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the atomization group was lower than that in the intramuscular injection group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Recombinant human interferon α-2b has significant curative effects in the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis and can effectively improve the level of inflammatory factors. Aerosol inhalation is beneficial to shorten the course of the disease and is safer than intramuscular injection.