Objective: To probe into the efficacy of interferon α-1b combined with lamivudine in the sequential treatment of children with chronic hepatitis B and its effects on liver function and virology. Methods: A total of 136 children with chronic hepatitis B admitted into our hospital from Nov. 2015 to May 2017 were extracted to be divided into the study group and the control group via the random number table

with 68 cases in each group. The control group was treated with interferon α-1b in intramuscular injection

once every other day

30 μg/m2 each time

after 1 month of continuous treatment

the patients were given 60 μg/m2 each time in intramuscular injection

once every other day

for 6 months. The study group was given interferon α-1b combined with lamivudine

lamivudine was taken orally

3 mg/kg daily for 1 month

followed by intramuscular injection of interferon α-1b with the same dose of the control group. Liver function and virology of two groups were observed before treatment and after treatment of 1

3 and 6 months. Efficacy was evaluated after treatment. Results: The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) of two groups were lower than those before treatment and after treatment of 1

3 and 6 months

with a decreasing trend

and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of ALT

AST and TBIL in the study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment of 1

3

and 6 months

and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment of 1

3 and 6 months

the levels of hepatitis B E antigen (HBeAg) in both groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05); the levels of HBV-DNA in the control group after treatment of 6 months was lower than those before treatment and after treatment of 1 month

the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of HBV-DNA in the study group after treatment of 1

3 and 6 months were lower than those before treatment

and the data after treatment of 3 and 6 months were lower than those after treatment of 1 month

with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The levels of HBeAg and HBV-DNA in the study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment of 3 and 6 months

the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The negative conversion rate of HBeAg in the study group was higher than that in the control group after treatment of 6 months (P<0.05). The negative conversion rate of HBeAg in the control group after treatment of 6 months was higher than that after treatment of 1 and 3 months

the negative conversion rate of HBeAg after treatment of 3 and 6 months was higher than that after treatment of 1 month

the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The response rate of HBV-DNA in the study group after treatment of 3 and 6 months was higher than that after treatment of 1 month

the negative conversion rate of HBeAg after treatment of 3 and 6 months was higher than that after treatment of 1 month

the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Interferon α-1b combined with lamivudine in the sequential treatment of children with chronic hepatitis B can significantly improve the liver function of children

inhibit hepatitis B virology

and increase the negative conversion rate of HBeAg. The clinical efficacy of interferon α-1b combined with lamivudine in the sequential treatment is better than interferon α-1b alone.