Objective:To explore the effects of hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline resuscitation on pulmonary inflammation following hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods:Controlled hemorrhagic shock was induced by blood withdrawal (MAP

40 mmHg)and maintained for 60 min. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups:① Sham animals(n=8)underwent cannulation without shock or resuscitation and served as negative controls;②RL-resuscitated animals (n=8)received 32 ml/kg RL;③HSPTX group received 4 ml/kg of 7.5% NaCl+25 mg/kg of PTX. PaO2

pH

PaCO2

wet/dry lung weight ratio(W/D)

and lung penetrating index were determined. The percentages of neutrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

the levels of malonadialdehyde (MDA)and superoxide dismutase (SOD)were measured. The tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)in the supernatant of bronchoalveolor lavage fluid were determined by ELISA method

and the expression of NF-κB in the lung tissues was quantified by Western blot. Results:PaO2 and pH were increased whereas PaCO2 was decreased in HSPTX group when compared with that in RL group (P<0.01). The wet/dry lung weight ratio and the percentages of neutrophil in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower than that in RL group(P<0.01). The content of tumor TNF-αand IL-1βin HSPTX group was significantly reduced when compared with that in RL group(P<0.01). The protein expression of NF-κB in HSPTX group was significantly decreased than that in RL group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Attenuation of hemorrhagic shock-induced pulmonary inflammation with HSPTX is associated with HSPTX-induced inhibition of neutrophil activation and production of inflammatory cytokines via inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.