Objective:To determine the spectrum of pancytopenia with its common clinical presentation and etiology on the basis of bone marrow examination

thus to improve the clinical diagnostic accuracy.Methods:All patients having pancytopenia were included.Results: Among 92 patients who had pancytopenia on the basis of bone marrow

70.7%were from hematological diseases.Most common cause of pancytopenia was aplastic anemia(21.7%)

acute leukemia(15.2%)

megaloblastic anemia(8.7%)

myelodysplastic syndromes (9.8%)

hypersplenia(4.3%)

hemolytic anemias(3.3%)

multiple myeloma(2.2%)

thrombotic thromboc ytopenic petechia (1.1%)

evans syndrome(1.1%)and myelofibrosis(3.3%).Common clinical presentations were pallor

fever

petechial hemorrhages

visceromegaly and bleeding from nose and gastrointestinal tract.Some less common causes included hemolytic anem(10.7%)

infections (10.7%)

connective tissue disease(3.3%)

cancer matastasis to bone marrow(1.1%)

undiagnosed(3.3%)。Conclusion: Pancytopenia is a common occurrence.Though hematological diseases are the usual causes of pancytopenia

non-hematological diseases

can’ t be ignored.Bone marrow examination is of great importance in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy.