Objective:To investigate the inductive effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2（BMP-2）or/and fibroblast growth factor-2（FGF-2）on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）.Methods:Rat BMSCs were cultured in DMEM with the different doses of BMP-2（10.0

100.0

200.0 ng/mL）and FGF-2（0.1

1.0

10.0 ng/mL）alone or in combination.Cell proliferation was studied after 3-and 7-day culture respectively.Cell cycle of BMSCs was studied after 7-day culture.Alkaline phosphate production of the cells was measured after 7-and 14-day culture respectively.Calcification capacity of the cells was examined with Alizarin red S staining after 14-and 21-day culture respectively.Results:When different doses of BMP-2 and FGF-2 were used alone

BMP-2 at 200.0 ng/mL effectively enhanced BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.ALP mRNA expression and mineralization treated with BMP-2 of 200.0 ng/mL were 2.29 ±0.14（P<0.01）and 2.68±0.45（P<0.01）respectively.FGF-2 at 1.0 ng/mL significantly improved BMSCs proliferation（P<0.01）.The combination of BMP-2 and FGF-2 could synergistically promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs

with low concentrations（10.0 ng/mL BMP-2 and 0.1 ng/mL FGF-2）being enough to show the synergistic promotion.ALP mRNA expression and mineralization were 2.52±0.15（P<0.01）and 3.18±0.45（P<0.01）respectively.Conclusion:BMSCs osteogenic differentiation could be increased by BMP-2;BMSCs proliferation could be increased by FGF-2

and the combination of BMP-2 and FGF-2 could synergistically promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.