Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes（PNS）are diseases defined by the presence of a neurological disorder associated with malignancy and exclusion of other known causes of the neurological dysfunction. Because every level of nervous system is potentially involved in PNS

thereby precipitating a variety of neurological deficits and a broader range of clinical signs and symptoms is often presented. Discovery of circulating autoantibdies specific which recognize nuclear

cytoplasmic and membrane antigens presented in all neurons has revolutionized the diagnosis and understanding of these syndromes and demonstrated a role of the immune system for these patients.In this paper

the clinical manifestations

recommended diagnostic criteria

pathological mechanisms and polymorphisms that liked to both cancer and autoimmunity are discussed.