Objective:To explore risk factors of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis（NEC）and prognostic factors of surgical treatment.Methods:A retrospectively study was conducted on the clinical data of 59 cases of NEC and 80 neonatal patients with non intestinal diseases who admitted to our hospital from June 2005 to December 2015. Single-factor and multi-factors logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the risk factors of NEC. Meanwhile

59 NEC cases with surgical treatment were subdivided into survival and death according to the prognosis

in order to analyze the factors affecting the postoperative prognosis. Results:Single-factor analysis showed that the incidence of NEC having relationship with perinatal asphyxia

antenatal glucocorticoids

pneumonia

respiratory failure

septic shock

disseminated intravascular coagulation

transfusion of red blood cells before onset

umbilical vein catheterization

postnatal oxygen inhalation

hypocalcemia

hyponatremia

sepsis

oral probiotics

pre-onset feeding. The incidence of NEC multi-factors logistic regression analysis showed that pneumonia

sepsis

umbilical vein catheterization were high risk factors of NEC（OR=2.976 to5.352

P<0.05）

and antenatal glucocorticoids

pre-onset feeding

probiotics were independent protective factors of NEC（OR=0.435 to0.605

P<0.05）. Postoperative prognosis factor analysis showed that NEC cases who had circulatory failure

≥3 perforation

septic shock

metabolic acidosis

low birth weight tended to have poorer prognosis（P<0.05）. Conclusion:The incidence of NEC is closely related to many factors. It can be reduced by controlling the risk factors of NEC and increasing the protective factors. Here are various factors influencing prognosis of surgical treatment including circulatory failure

≥3 perforations and low birth weight

etc. In order to improve the prognosis and the survival rate of NEC

positive preventive method and therapy should be provided for the factors those easy causing adverse prognosis.