Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of the nocardiosis and to discuss the early diagnosis and reasonable treatments

in order to improve the success rate of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:Two cases of nocardiosis treated in our hospital were reported on their clinical manifestation

treatments and outcome.VIP

Wan fang Data and CNKI(December the 2002 to June the 2016) were screened with nocardiosis as the key word

while Pub Med database was searched with nocardiosis as the key word. Results:Totally 67 cases of patients who were diagnosed as nocardiosis were screened in China

including 40 male cases and27 female cases. The lesions were limited in lung in 40 cases

spread to the skin in 13 cases

to the brain in 4 cases

to the pericardium in 1 case

to more than 2 organs in 5 cases

and to extrapulmonary area in 4 cases. Major risk factors included the medication history of immunosuppressant drugs in 36 cases

lung diseases in 9 cases

HIV in 6 cases and organ transplantation in 2 cases. Pulmonary imaging performance included patch in 28 cases

nodules in 22 cases

cavity in 17 cases

pleural effusion in 13 cases

consolidation in 11 cases and tumor in 7 cases. The confirmed diagnosis was carried out by sterile body fluids in 37 cases

sputum culture in 16 cases

bronchoscopy in 10 cases

pulmonary puncture in 4 cases and biopsy in 2 cases. Twenty-five cases were given single sulfanilamide treatment

and 17 cases were improved;while 25 cases with sulfanilamide-based combination treatment

14 cases were improved. Linezolid was used in 5 cases when the sulfanilamide was invalid

and 5 cases were all improved. Conclusion:Nocardiosis lacks of specific manifestation

and sterile internal body fluid or tissue biopsy could improve its diagnostic rate. Sulfanilamide is preferred;combined therapy is suggested for immunocompromised patients in early stage;while for patients with central nervous system infection

drugs with better penetration to blood brain barrier such as linezolid are considered. Early combined therapy and full-term treatment could improve patient’s survival rate.