Objective:To investigate the risk factors of new fracture after percutaneous kyphoplasty（PKP）in the treatment of osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture（OVCF）. Methods:Clinical data of 86 patients with OVCF who were treated with PKP from July2011 to July 2013 in our department were retrospectively analyzed. The following characteristics were compared in patients with new VCFs（group A）after PKP versus patients without new VCFs（group B）:patient age

sex

bone mineral density

number of preexisting VCFs

grade of VCFs

volume of injected cement

and cement leakage in intervertebral disc spaces. T test

analysis of variance

and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:Twenty-one（24.4%）of 86 patients had new VCFs during 1 year of follow-up after PKP. Fifteen cases of new VCFs occurred within 3 months of PKP;sixteen cases of new VCFs appeared in levels adjacent to treated levels

while the other five cases not. BMD of group A（-3.43±0.42）was lower than that of group B（-2.91±0.20）（P=0.000）. The incidence of cement leakage to intervertebral disc of group A was higher than that of group B（P=0.031）. Incidence of multi-level vertebral fractures was higher in group A than in group B（P =0.000）. There was no difference in patient’s age（P =0.453）

gender（P=0.841）

bone cement injection（P=0.081）

degree of vertebral body compression between two groups（P=0.717）. Logistic regression analysis results indicated lower bone mineral density（OR=36 277.255

95%CI=60.057 to 21 913 095.13

P=0.001）

more than two preexisting VCFs（OR=13.275

95%CI=1.746 to 100.938

P=0.012）

and cement leakage to adjacent intervertebral disc（OR=26.785

95%CI=1.355 to 529.551

P=0.031）. Conclusion:Lower bone mineral density

more than two preexisting VCFs and cement leakage to adjacent intervertebral disc are the risk factors for the development of new VCF.