Objective:To establish a rabbit model of chronic renal failure(CRF)combined with arteriovenous fistula(AVF)

and to investigate the effect of CRF on venous neointimal hyperplasia(VNH)of AVF. Methods:Thirty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into renal failure group and health group(16 in each group). Rabbits in renal failure group were fed chow containing adenine.After induction of CRF

an AVF model in neck was established in renal failure group. Whereas

the same AVF model with no intervention was established in health group. Four weeks after operation

the pathological changes of fistula tissue

specifically the thickness and area of intimal in venous segment was observed by HE staining;the proliferation activity of the neointimal cells was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA);the pathological changes of renal tissue was observed by HE staining. Results:Compared with those in health group

the levels of SCr and BUN in the renal failure group were increased significantly in the first four weeks

and were three times higher than baseline at the sixth weeks. HE staining of renal tissue in renal failure group showed amounts of crystals deposition within the tubules with partial atrophy

and the renal interstitium infiltrated with inflammatory cells and fibrosis. Compared with those of health group

the average thickness and area of VNH and PCNA-positive cells in venous segment were increased significantly in the renal failure group(P<0.05). Conclusion:The CRF rabbit model is successfully established by feeding adnine

which promotes the VNH and AVF dysfunction. Therefore

AVF combined with CRF model should be established for the early AVF dysfunction studies in the further.