The blood brain barrier(BBB)are damaged after traumatic brain injury(TBI). Resident immune cells including microglia

astrocytes and periphery immune cells(monocytes/macrophages

T-cells

neutrophils

etc)are involved in the inflammation reaction of brain tissue. These cells release a variety of inflammatory factor

reactive oxygen species

chemical inducer

result in brain damage

and pull the trigger of the inhibitive regulation to depress the manufacture and feature of immune cells at the same time(immunosuppression). This review describes the mechanism of brain inflammation and peripheral immunosuppression after TBI through the acquaintance of the pathophysiologic proceeding to provide advices and basis for clinical therapy.