系统地介绍了客观结构化临床考核评估量表的设计基础、通过标准、考试成绩影响因素等，并通过多年OSCE考核评分量表制订与修改的实践研究，提出通过改良运用360度评估方法设计OSCE考核评分量表，能有效减少环境、考生、评分者、考题设计四个因素对考生成绩影响的可行途径，对科学制订OSCE评估量表，以及对提高OSCE考核的信度与效度有重要意义;This article described systematically the design basis， passing standard and influential factor of test score of the assessment scale of simulated clinical skills examination. Through developing and modifying OSCE examination scale design for many years， we have found that the use of 360-degree as-sessment for designing OSCE assessment rating scale can effectively reduce the impact on the score of ex-aminee owing to the environment

the candidates， raters and question design， which has an important role for scientific development of OSCE assessment scales， as well as improving the reliability and validity for development of a scientific OSCE assessment.