Objective　To confirm a suitable professional diathesis structure system of youthful teachers. Methods　Through literature review and discussion of a small scale of specialists， the authors established the primary index system. Then Delphi method was taken to organize two rounds of specialist consultations， specialists' opinions were summarized， index name and weight were identified， and the professional diathesis structure system was established. Results　A professional diathesis structure system of youthful teachers was established， which included seven first-level indicators: professional morality， learning level， teaching ability， scientific research ability， mental diathesis， self-developmental ability， collectivity spirit & society activities， and 35 second-level indicators. Conclusion　Building scientific professional diathesis structure system of youthful teachers is necessary， which can provide a solid basis for building up cultivating mechanism for youthful teachers.