Objective　To explore the application and effect of case-based learning（CBL） in vas-cular surgery clinical teaching. Methods　Totally 37 resident doctors were randomly divided into 2 groups respectively: CBL teaching group（n=21） and traditional teaching group（n=16）. CBL teaching was con-ducted through the following procedures： selecting typical cases-establishing and applying typical case library-autonomous learning-holding regular seminars. Traditional teaching was conducted through the following procedures: basic theory studying-participating in clinical practice-participating in case discus-sion. Evaluation was conducted based on test socre （written test and clinical operational skill test） and res-idents' feedback of teaching effect. Data were statistically described and independent sample t test was performed. Results　Theoretical exam score and clinical skill test score were high in CBL group than in traditional group （（thoretical score： （85.53±1.75） vs. （79.94±2.29）； clinical skill test score：（85.10±1.64） vs. （80.31±1.82））. CBL teaching group had advantages in improving learning efficiency， cultivat-ing clinical thinking， promoting mastery and application of knowledge， broadening knowledge， promoting communication and expression ability and improving study enthusiasm， et al. Conclusion　CBL teaching can effectively improve the teaching quality and obtain higher evaluation. Typical case li-brary should be constantly improved and education of vascular surgical basic theory should be strength-ened to promote CBL.