Objective: To explore the effect of cold pillow compress on Preventing alopecia caused by chemotherapy and afford some advice to nursing staff in their daily works for the patients treated with chemotherapy.Methods: Forty inpatients with tumor receiving chemotherapy were divided into two groups in random

twenty patients in each group.In observing group

cold pillow was compressed on the head and neck of patients twenty minutes before chemotherapy and lasted till chemotherapy was over.In control group on old pillow compress was used during chemotherapy.Sum of ranks were calculated for statistics analysis.Results: In observing group

of twenty patients

12 ones without alopecia

6 ones I degree alopecia

2 ones Ⅱdegree alopecia and no Ⅲdegree alopecia.However

in control group

all of twenty patients had alopecia in different degree

that is

none without alopecia

4 ones I degree alopcia

6 onesⅡdegree alopecia and 10

Ⅲ degree alopecia.There was significant difference between the two groups in statistics(P<0.01).Conclusion: Cold pillow compress on the head decreased the damage of chemotherapeutics to folliculus pili and lessened alopecia.It is an effective way to lessen the alopecia and should be used extensively in patients receiving chemotherapy.