Objective: To identify the reasons for misdiagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) in order to promote its diagnosis.Methods: 51 misdiagnosed PHC cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The misdiagnosis rate of PHC was 19.4%(51/263).The misdiagnosed cases included chronic hepatitis

hepatic cirrhosis

liver abscess

cholecystitis

gall-bladder stone

acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis

liver hemangioma

Meniere’s disease

acute abdomen

peptic ulcer

gastroenteritis

joint diseases

pulmonary infections

lung cancer and pleuritis

etc.Conclusion: No specific manifestation at early stage and diversified features mid-late stage of HPC cause misdiagnosis.For the purpose of decreasing misdiagnosis rate of HPC

clinicians should pay attention to the special and metastatic signs of HPC

overall physical examination and continuous laboratory and imaging examinations to lessen the occurrence of misdiagnosis.