Objective：To investigate the risk factors of renal subcapsular hematoma after Ho：YAG laser lithotripter through flexible ureteroscope. Methods：Eleven the records of the 1 705 patients undergoing ureteroscopy and Holium laser lithotripsy for renal calculi from 2007 Janunary to 2017 December in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The enrolled patients including 3 males and 8 females. T test，chi-square test and multi-factor logistic regression were used to analyzed the risk factors. Results：Patients were divided into two group. All 11 patients were diagnosed by CT scan or ultrasound. Gender，urinary tract infection，hydronephrosis and manual irrigation in the operation were significant differentt in two groups. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis also showed urinary tract infection，hydronephrosis and manual irrigation in the operation were independent risk factors for renal subcapsular hematoma after Ho：YAG laser lithotripter through flexible ureteroscope. Conclusion：Urinary tract infection，hydronephrosis and manual irrigation in the operation are independent risk factors for renal subcapsular hematoma after Ho：YAG laser lithotripter throughflexible ureteroscope.