Objective：To investigate periodontal health status，health behavior and the relevant risk factors among students in a medi－cal university of Ningxia and to provide scientific basis for formulating oral health care strategies and methods. Methods：According to the criterion issued by WHO on the basic methods of oral health investigation and the third China oral health epidemiology survey protocol，we conducted inspection and questionnaire for 540 students.The inspection items included bleeding gums，dental calculus，periodontal pocket and periodontal attachment loss. The questionnaire included 30 items. Results：（1）Among 540 students，incidences of bleeding gums，dental calculus，periodontal pocket and periodontal attachment loss≥4 mm were 100%，95％，57％ and 6％，re－spectively. Incidences of impacted tooth among students with periodontal pocket were 32%. There were statistical significances in in－cidences of periodontal pocket between male and female（P<0.01）；there was no statistical significance in incidences of periodontal at－tachment loss≥4 mm and dental calculus between male and female（all P >0.05）. There were statistical significances in incidences of periodontal pocket among students in different grades（P<0.01）；there was no statistical significance in incidences of periodontal pocket between oral and non oral majors（P >0.05）. （2）Unconditional logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that age，gender，born in the city，food impaction after a meal，oral and maxillofacial trauma and Han nationality were correlated with incidence of periodon－tal pocket. Conclusions：（1）Oral periodontal health status of the university students are not ideal．It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of oral health knowledge to students. （2）Gender is a protective factor. Old age，born in the city，food impaction after a meal，oral and maxillofacial trauma and Han nationality are risk factors.