Objective：To explore the protective effects of sulforaphane（ＳＦＮ） on inflammation of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in－jury in rats and its possible mechanism． Methods：Middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） was induced by intraluminal suture． Five mg/kg ＳＦＮ was administrated intraperitoneally at 60 min after MCAO. At 24 h after reperfusion，neurologic deficiency scores were de－tected and the infarct volume was evaluated by TTC staining． Myeloperoxidase（MPO） activities in rat brain were measured as an in－dex of neutrophil infiltration. Expressions of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-6（IL-6） in rat brain were determined by Western blot. Results：Neurological deficiency scores（（2.49±0.48） vs. （1.34±0.62），P=0.000） were significantly improved，infarcted volume was diminished（（0.41±0.02）% vs. （0.26±0.03）%，P=0.000） and activity of MPO in cere－bral tissues（（0.43±0.02） U/g vs. （0.35±0.02） U/g，P=0.000） was decreased in 5 mg/kg ＳＦＮ group than in MCAO group. Results of Western blot showed that SFN could also decrease the expression of NF-κB，TNF-α and IL-6 compared with those in MCAO group（（0.39±0.05） vs. （1.65±0.05），P=0.000；（0.30±0.05） vs. （0.91±0.03），P=0.000；（0.49±0.11） vs. （1.50±0.03），P=0.000）. Conclusions：ＳＦＮ exerts the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibiting the inflammatory response，which may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB，TNF-α and IL-6 expression.