Objective To analyze the effect of extended psychological care in the nursing of leukemia patients combined with infectious diseases. Methods A total of 62 leukemia patients combined with infectious diseases admitted to a hospital in Zhengzhou from May 2016 to February 2021 were selected as subjects and assigned to an experimental group（n=31） and a control group（n=31） using the random number table method. Patients in the control group received conventional care

and patients in the study group received extended psychological care after receiving the conventional care

and both groups received consecutive intervention for 3 months. The patients in the two groups were compared in medication compliance and adverse effects. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale（HAMA） scores

Exercise of Self-care Agency（ESCA） scale scores

and General Self-efficacy Scale（GSES） scores were compared before and after the intervention. Results The medication compliance rate of patients in the experimental group was 96.78%

which was higher than that in the control group（74.19%）

and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The HAMA scores of patients in the experimental group after the intervention were lower than those in the control group

and the GSES scores in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The scores of self-concept

self-responsibility

self-care skills and health knowledge of patients in the experimental group after the intervention were higher than those in the control group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 9.69%

which was lower than that in the control group（19.36%）

and the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion Extended psychological care can significantly lower HAMA scores

relieve anxiety symptoms

improve medication compliance

and enhance their self-care ability and self-efficacy in leukemia patients combined with infectious diseases. These benefits justify a wider application of this nursing clinically.